Vascular plant species known to occur in Opal Creek
Aceraceae
Bigleaf maple, Acer macrophyllum
Vine maple, Acer circinatum
Douglas maple, Acer glabrum
Aralicaeae
Devil's club, Oplopanax horridus
Berberidaceae
Dull Oregon grape, Mahonia nervosa
Betulaceae
Red Alder, Alnus rubra
White Alder, Alnus rhombifolia
Sitka alder, Alnus crispa sinuate
California Hazlenut, Corylos cornutus californica
Brassicaceae
Shepards' purse, Capsella bursu-pastoris
Caprifoliaceae
Twinflower, Linnaea borealis
Red elderberry, Sambucus racemosa
Cornaceae
Bunchberry/Dwarf dogwood, Cornus canadensis
Western flowering dogwood, Cornus nutallii
Red-osier dogwood, Cornus stolineferum
Cupressaceae
Western Red cedar, Thuja plicata
Alaska Yellow-cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis
Common ground juniper, Juniperus communis
Ericaceae Pacific madrone, Arbutus menziesii
Salal, Gaultheria shallon
Oval-leaved blueberry, Vaccinium ovafolium
Red huckleberry, Vaccinium parvifolium
Black huckleberry, Vaccinium membranaceum
Pacific rhododendron, Rhododendron (albiflorum) macrophyllum
Hairy manzanita, Arctostaphylos columbiana
Kinnikinnick, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Grassulaceae
Broad-leaved stonecrop, Sedum spathulifolium
Oregon stonecrop, Sedum oreganum
Spreading stonecrop, Sedum divergens
Lance-leaved stonecrop, Sedum lanceolatum
Grossularicaceae
Red-flowering currant, Ribes sanguineum
Stink currant, Ribes bracteosum
Hydrophyllaceae
Pacific waterleaf, Hydrophyllum tenuipes
Iridaceae
Oregon iris, Iris tenax
Lamiaceae
Self-heal, Prunella vulgaris
Cooley's hedge nettle, Stachys cooleyae
Liliaceae
False solomon's seal, Smilacina racemosa
Star-flowered false solomon's seal, Smilacina stellata
Clasped twistedstalk, Streptopus amplexifolius
Rosy twistedstalk, Streptopus roseus
Hooker's fairybells, Disporum hookeri
Western trillium, Trillium ovatum
False lily-of-the-valley, Mainathemum dilatatum
Queen's cup, Clintonia uniflora
Cascade lily, Lilium columbianum
Beargrass, Xerophyllum tenax
Corn lily/False hellebore, Veratrum viride
Fool's onion, Brodiaea hyacintha
Mountainbells, Stenanthemum occidentale
Subalpine mariposa lily, Calochortus subalpinus
Oleaceae
Oregon ash, Fraxinus latifolia
Ochidaceae
Fairyslipper, Calypso bulbosa
Western coralroot, Corallorhiza maculata ssp. Mertensiana
Striped coralroot, Corallorhiza striatum
Western Rattlesnake plantain, Goodyera oblongifolia
Northwestern twayblade, Listera caurina
Heart-leaved twayblade, Listera cordata
Alaska rein-orchid, Platanthera unalascensis
Pinaceae
Western Hemlock, Tsuga heterphylla
Mountain Hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana
Douglas-fir, Psudotsuga menziesii
Pacific Silver Fir, Abies amabilis
Grand Fir, Abies grandis
Noble Fir, Abies procera
Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta latifolia
Western White Pine, Pinus moticola
Portulaceae
Streambank spring-beauty, Montia parvifolia
Siberian miner's lettuce, Claytonia sibirifac
Miner's-lettuce, Claytonia perfolata
Columbia lewisia, Columbia lewisia
Pyrolaceae
Pink wintergreen, Pyrola asarifolia
White-veined wintergreen, Pyrola picta, Pyrola minor
Pipsissiwa, Chimaphila umbellate
Pink wintergreen, Orthilia secunda
Ranunculaceae
Three-leaved anemone, Anemone deltoidea
Cut-leaved goldthread, Coptis laciniata
Baneberry, Actaea rubra
Red columbine, Aquilegia formosa
Western meadowrue, Thalictrum occidentale
Creeping buttercup, Ranunculus repens
False bugbane, Trautvetteria caroliniensis
Rhamnaceae
Cascara, Rhamnus pushiana
Snowbrush, Ceonathus velotinus
Rosaceae
Sitka mountain ash, Sorbus sitchensis
Ocean spray, Holodiscus discolor
Saskatoon, Amelanchier alnifolia
Pacific Nine-bark, Physocarpus capitalis
Nootka rose, Rosa nutkana
Dwarf rose, Rosa gymnocarpa
Salmonberry, Rubus spectabilis
Blackcap, Rubus leucodermis
Thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus
Trailing blackberry, Rubus ursinus
Goat's beard, Aruncus dioicus
Wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana
Salicaceae
Black cottonwood, Populus balsamifera trichocarpa
Trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides
Chinquapin, Castantopsis shrysophylla
Scouler's willow, Salix scouleria
Sitka willow, Salix sitchensis
Saxifragaceae
Wood saxifrage, Saxifraga mertensiana
Smooth alum-root, Heuchera glabra
Small-flowered alum-root, Heuchera micantha
Coast boykinia, Boykinia elata
Piggy-back plant, Tolmia menziesii
Foamflower, Tiarella trifoliate
Five-stamened mitrewort, Mitella pentandra
Taxaceae
Pacific Yew, Taxus brevifolia

LICHEN AND MOSS 

Lichen species known to occur in Opal Creek
Oregon lungwort, Lobaria oregana
Lungwort, L. pulmonaria
Reindeer lichen, Cladina rangiferina
Foam lichens, Stereocoulon spp.
Dimpled specklebelly, Pseudocyphelaria anthrapsis
Old-growth specklebelly, P. rainierensis
Netted specklebelly, P. anomala
Yellow specklebelly, P. crocata
Common freckle pelt, Peltigera apothosa
Flaky freckle pelt, P. britannica
Fan lichen, P. venosa
Ruffled freckle pelt, P. leucophlebia
Tree pelt, P. collina
Fishbone beard, Usnea filipendula group
Methuselah's beard, U. longissima
Pixie Cups or British Soldier lichens, Cladonia spp.
Varied rag, Platasmatia glauca
Tattered rag, P. herrei.
Mottled tube, Hypogymnia inactiva
Budding tube, H. enteromorpha
Forked tube, H. imshaugii
Saucer lichens, Ochrelechia spp.
Moss species known to occur in Opal Creek
ROCK MOSSES
Apple moss, Bartramia pomiformis
Hoary rock moss, Racomitrium lanuginosum
Red bryum, Bryum miniatum
Juniper haircap moss, Polytrichum juniperinum
Grimmia atricha
Aulocomnium androgynum
AQUATIC MOSSES
Philonotis fontana
Dicranella heteromalla
Blunt-leaved moss, Scleropodium obtusifolium
Streamside moss, Scoularia aquatica
Black rock moss, Andreaea rupestris
Common water moss, Fontinalis antipyretica
EPIPHYTIC MOSSES
Lyell's bristle moss, Orhtotrochum lyellii
Douglas' neckera, Neckera douglasii
Menzies' tree moss, Leocolepis acanthoneuron
Cat-tail moss, Isothecium myosuroides
Hanging moss, Antitrichia curtipendula
Plume moss, Dendroalsia abietina
Curly heron's-bill moss, Dicranum fuscescens
Campylium chrysophyllum
Orthothecium chryseum
FOREST FLOOR/DOWNED WOODY DEBRIS MOSSES
Coiled-leaf moss, Hypnum circinale
Wavy leaved cotton moss, Plagiothecium undulatum
Piper's bug moss, Buxbaumia piperi
Oregon beaked moss, Kindbergia oregana
Electrified cat's tail moss, Rhytidiadelphus triquestrus
Stairstep moss, Hylocomnium splendens
Awned haircap moss, Polytrichum piliferum
Common haircap moss, Polytrichum commune
Lanky moss, Ryhtideadelphus loreus
Slender beaked moss, Kindbergia praelonga
Fan moss, Rhizomnium glabrescens
Bent-leaf moss, Rhytidiadelphus squarosus
Dicranella rufescens
Homalothecium aeneum

ANIMALS
Species known or suspected to occur at Opal Creek

Amphibians 
Northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile
Long-toed salamander*, Ambystoma macrodactylum
Pacific giant salamander*, Dicamptodon tenebrosus
Cascade torrent salamander*, Rhyacotriton cascadae
Rough skinned newt*, Taricha granulose
Dunn's salamander*, Plethodon dunni
Western red-backed salamander*, Plethodon vehiculum
Ensatina, Ensatina eschscholtzii
Clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus
Oregon slender salamander*, Batrachopseps wrighti
Tailed Frog*, Ascaphus truei
Western Toad*, Bufo boreas
Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla
Red-legged frog*, Rana aurora
Cascades frog*, Rana cascadae

Birds 
Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias
Green Heron, Butorides virescens
Harlequin Duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
Turkey Vulture, Cathartes aura
Sharp-shinned Hawk, Accipiter striatus
Northern Goshawk, Accipiter gentilis
Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
Golden Eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
California Quail, Callipepla californica
Blue Grouse, Dendragapus obscurus
Band-tailed Pigeon, Columba fasciata
Great Horned Owl, Bubo virginianus
Northern Spotted Owl, Strix occidentalis
Northern Saw-whet Owl, Aegolius acadicus
Common Nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
Black Swift, Cypseloides niger
Anna's Hummingbird, Calypte anna
Rufous Hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus
Belted Kingfisher, Ceryle alcyon
Red-breasted Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus ruber
Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens
Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides villosus
White-headed Woodpecker, Picoides albolarvatus
Northern Flicker, Colaptes auratus
Pileated Woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus
Pacific-slope Flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis
Hammond's Flycatcher, Empidonax hammondii
Warbling Vireo, Vireo gilvus
Steller's Jay, Cyanocitta stelleri
Gray Jay, Perisoreus canadensis
Clark's Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana
Common Raven, Corvus corax
Violet-green Swallow, Tachycineta thalassina
Tree Swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
Black-capped Chickadee, Poecile atricapilla
Chestnut-backed Chickadee, Poecile rufescens
Mountain Chickadee, Poecile gambeli
Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus
Red-breasted Nuthatch, Sitta canadensis
Brown Creeper, Certhia americana
Bewick's Wren, Thryomanes bewickii
Winter Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes
House Wren, Troglodytes aedon
American Dipper, Cinclus mexicanus
Golden-crowned Kinglet, Regulus satrapa
Ruby-crowned Kinglet, Regulus calendula
Townsend's Solitaire, Myadestes townsendi
Varied Thrush, Ixoreus naevius
Swainson's Thrush, Catharus ustulatus
American Robin, Turdus migratorius
Hermit Thrush, Catharus guttatus
Cedar Waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum
Orange-crowned Warbler, Vermivora celata
Yellow Warbler, Dendroica petechia
Yellow-rumped Warbler, Dendroica coronata
Townsend's Warbler, Dendroica towsendi
Hermit Warbler, Dendroica occidentalis
Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla
Western Tanager, Piranga ludoviciana
Black-headed Grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephlus
Spotted Towhee, Pipilo maculates
White-crowned Sparrow, Zonatrichia leucophrys
Fox Sparrow, Passerella iliaca
Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia
Dark-eyed Junco, Junco hymalis
Evening Grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus
Purple Finch, Carpodacus purpureus
Cassin's Finch, Carpodacus cassinii
Red Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
Pine Siskin, Carduelis pinus
American Goldfinch, Carduelis tristis

Fish 
Bull trout*, Salvilinus confluentus
Steelhead / Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki

Mammals 
Common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis
Dusky shrew*, Sorex obscurus
Vagrant shrew*, Sorex vagrans
Water shrew*, Sorex palustris
Trowbridge shrew*, Sorex trowbridgii
Coast mole, Scapanus orarius
Little brown myotis, Myotis lucifugus
California myotis, Myotis californicus
Long-eared myotis, Myotis evotis
Yuma myotis*, Myotis yumanensis
Silvery-haired bat*, Lasionycteris noctivagans
Hoary bat*, Lasiuris cinereus
Big brown bat*, Eptesicus fuscus
Pika, Ochotona princeps
Black-tailed hare, Lepus californicus
Mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa
Yellow-bellied marmot*, Marmota flaviventris
Sierra Nevada golden-mantled ground squirrel, Callospermophilus lateralis
Least chipmunk, Eutamais minimus
Yellow pine chipmunk, Eutamais amoenus
Townsend chipmunk, Eutamais townsendii
Western gray squirrel*, Sciurus griseus
Douglas squirrel, Tamiasciurus douglasii
Northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus
Mazama pocket gopher, Thomomys mazama
Beaver*, Castor canadensis
Deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus
Dusky-footed wood rat*, Neotoma fuscipes
Red tree vole, Phenacomys longicaudus
Oregon meadow mouse*, Microtus oregoni
Water rat*, Microtus richardsoni
Montane meadow mouse*, Microtus montanus
Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus trinotatus
Porcupine*, Erethizon dorsatum
Red fox, Vulpes fulva
Coyote, Canis latrans
Black bear, Euarctos americanus
Raccoon, Procyon lotor
Marten, Martes americana
Fisher*, Martes pennanti
Mink, Mustela vison
River otter, Lutra canadensis
Long-tailed weasel, Mustela frenata
Ermine, Mustela erminea
Mountain lion, Felis concolor
Bobcat, Lynx rufus
Elk, Cervus canadensis
White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus

Ecology Links
| Life and Death of a Western Hemlock; a lesson in cycling
| Lichens | Fungi | Mammals | Birds | Fish | Amphibians and Reptiles | Opal Creek Species Lists | Natural History |